Taal Volcano is a large caldera filled by Taal Lake in the Philippines.[1] Located in the province of Batangas, the volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the country, with 34 recorded historical eruptions, all of which were concentrated on Volcano Island, near the middle of Taal Lake. The caldera was formed by prehistoric eruptions between 140,000 and 5,380 BP.[2][3]
The volcano erupted on the afternoon of January 12, 2020, with the alert level of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) escalating from Alert Level 2 to Alert Level 4.[4] It was an eruption from the main crater on Volcano Island. The eruption spewed ashes to Calabarzon, Metro Manila, some parts of Central Luzon, and Pangasinan, in the Ilocos Region, which cancelled classes, work schedules, and flights.[5][6]
Ashfalls and volcanic thunderstorms were reported, and forced evacuations were made from the island.[7][8]
Supplies of face masks ran out in many stores in Metro Manila and nearby provinces in the south as Taal Volcano in Batangas continued to spew ash on Sunday night, January 12. (Rappler)
There were also warnings of a possible volcanic tsunami.[9] The volcano produced volcanic lightning above its crater with ash clouds.[10] The eruption progressed into magmatic eruption, characterized by a lava fountain with thunder and lightning.[11] By January 26, 2020, PHIVOLCS observed an inconsistent, but decreasing volcanic activity in Taal, prompting the agency to downgrade its warning to Alert Level 3.[12] On February 14, 2020, PHIVOLCS downgraded the volcano's warning to Alert Level 2, due to consistent decreased volcanic activity.[13][14] A total of 39 people died in the eruption, mostly because they refused to leave their homes or suffered health-related problems during the evacuation.[15]
References:
1. "Taal". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
2. "Taal Volcano". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved December 3, 2012.^
3. Delos Reyes, Perla J.; Bornas, Ma. Antonia V.; Dominey-Howes, Dale; Pidlaoan, Abigail C.; Magill, Christina R.; Solidum, Renato U., Jr. (2018). "A synthesis and review of historical eruptions at Taal Volcano, Southern Luzon, Philippines". Earth-Science Reviews. 177: 565–588. Bibcode:2018ESRv..177..565D.doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.014.
4.De Vera-Ruiz, Ellalyn (January 12, 2020). "Alert Level 3 Raised as Taal Volcano Manifests Steam-Driven Explosion". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 16,2020.^
5. Acosta, Renzo (January 12, 2020). "List: Class Suspensions Due to Taal Volcano Eruption". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.^
6."Taal Eruption Puts NAIA Flights on Hold". GMA News Online. January 12, 2020. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 12,2020.^
7."Alert Level 4 Raised Over Taal Volcano". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.^
8. Acosta, Renzo (January 12, 2020). "Taal Volcano Now on Alert Level 4: 'Hazardous Eruption Imminent'". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.^
9. "Alert Level 4 Raised Over Taal, Volcanic Tsunami Possible: PHIVOLCS". ABS-CBN News. January 12, 2020. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020.^
10. Santolo, Alessandra Scotto di (January 12, 2020). "Philippines Volcano Eruption: Terrifying Video of Taal Volcano Producing Lightning Strikes". Express. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.^
11. "Philippine Taal Volcano Begins Spewing Lava". BBC News. January 13, 2020. Archived from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 13,2020.^
12. Colcol, Erwin (January 26, 2020). "PHIVOLCS Lowers Taal Volcano's Status to Alert Level 2". GMA News. Archived from the original on February 23, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2020.^
13. Magsino, Dona (February 14, 2020). "PHIVOLCS Lowers Taal Volcano's Status to Alert Level 2". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2020.^
14. "Taal Volcano Status Lowered to Alert Level 2". CNN Philippines. February 14, 2020. Archived from the original on February 23, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2020.^
15. Recuenco, Aaron (February 2, 2020). "39 Deaths Recorded During Taal Volcano's Eruption". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
16. Wikipedia, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taal_Volcano
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